.: December 25, 2001.: March 14, 2002Mode(s),Blood Wake is a that was released in 2001 on the as part of 's initial wave of Xbox. The game was developed by and published. Set in an Asian-themed fictional world, Blood Wake is a story-driven, mission-based high seas action game in which the player controls a series of small fighting vessels.First unveiled at 2001, the game received mixed reviews from critics according to the aggregate website. Some reviewers described its gameplay as ' on water,' although its mission-based story line differentiated Blood Wake from Twisted Metal's arena-based gameplay. The game sold enough copies to be added to Microsoft's budget line, known as Platinum Hits. Blood Wake is a water combat game featuring various types of boats and ordinance.The game features a wide variety of naval vessels, from tiny to powerful and, on up to and a massive. Over a dozen of these are playable and most have multiple weapon configurations.

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The weapon types include the standard chain guns, cannon, torpedoes, rockets and mines, plus some unique weapons that are unlocked as you progress through the game. Each boat has machine guns or chain guns as its base, primary armament. Most have one or more heavy weapons as their secondary armament.The single player story-mode consists of 28 missions featuring a wide variety of attack, defense, escort and raid mission types. These missions take the player to many exotic locales and though the player never leaves the water, the game engine allows the designers to vary the sea and sky conditions to create very different gameplay environments. There is also a multiplayer mode that supports a variety of game types for up to four players.

The multiplayer options are somewhat limited at first, but progress through the story mode unlocks many new options. The game also features numerous Easter Eggs such as special boats and hidden game modes, including the development team's favorite, 'Blood Ball', which is essentially multiplayer soccer-on-water using a 10-meter diameter soccer ball and heavily armed gunboats.There are many different vehicles at the player's disposal in Blood Wake. In the Story Mode the player is assigned a particular boat for each mission. The first is the Speedboat, and each of the mission of the first act features a different variant. As the story progresses, the player is introduced to ever more powerful boats, including a few captured enemy vessels. All of these plus several more are playable in the multiplayer Battle Mode. The following are the main types used by the player during the Story Mode missions:.: small, fast boat with light weaponry.

This is the boat given to the player in the first chapter of Story Mode. Its armament usually consists of four chain guns or auto-cannons, but later adds a rocket launcher. However, the boat is completely stripped of all armaments for one special mission involving a time trial-style race.

In one special mission later in the game it is armed with the Stinger, an extremely powerful, but short-ranged electrical weapon.: the game's signature boat, this is featured on the game's cover. Standard armament for this vessel includes two chain guns or auto cannons, with a center mount that may have a rocket launcher, the Stinger, or the Wave Gun (another special weapon type that generates a wave that can detonate torpedoes and sea mines as well as jolt smaller vessels. In addition, it has a pair of side mounts that may hold torpedo launchers or fixed cannons. These weapons differ in combination depending on the model of Catamaran. Gunboat: modeled on a, it is one of the fastest in the game. Its armament is virtually the same as the catamaran, but it adds a rear mount for a mine launcher. Devil Boat: at 75 feet long, this is the largest and most heavily armed playable boat in the game.

Inspired by the of, it has four forward mounts for its primary armament of auto cannons or chain guns. Its secondary armament features dual center mounted rocket launchers, a rear-mounted mine launcher, and four side mounts. The side mounts may have two fixed cannons on the forward pair plus two torpedo launchers on the rear pair, or four torpedo launchers.: The ultra-speedy hydroplane is the fastest and most maneuverable vessel in the game. Modeled on the racing boat, its armament is the same as the Gunboat.Plot The player controls Lieutenant Shao Kai, a former naval officer of the Northern League fleet who was betrayed and left for dead by his brother, Admiral Shao Lung. Kai is rescued by a band of sea raiders known as the Shadow Clan, and joins them after proving himself worthy to their leader, Ped Zeng. He will bide his time with them awaiting his chance for revenge against his brother. Here he meets a formidable young woman who advises Ped and becomes the love interest.

The Shadow Clan spends most of its time preying on the third faction in the game, the Jade Kingdom, who are primarily a mercantile power led by Lord Sri Brana. All are now in the path of Admiral Shao Lung's ambitions to create the Iron Empire. Lung has developed a monstrous warship named the Dragon and a powerful magic amulet to defeat anyone and anything in his way.Development Initial development began following the creation of the basic game engine by lead programmer Ralf Knoesel during his holiday break following the completion of Stormfront's previous release, a Hot Wheels racing game. Together with lead artists Tim Dean and Matt Small, they conceived a concept that was essentially 'Twisted Metal on water.' The team received permission to develop a prototype and Stormfront started looking for a publisher. Enter Microsoft who was looking for a suitable development partner for an original IP they had developed that was likened to ' Crimson Skies on water.' While Stormfront's engine had been designed to support arena combat, they were confident it could be adapted to support the story-driven mission-based structure needed by Microsoft.

Music was composed by Robb Mills.The development team grew under the direction of David Bunnett who hired a contract writer named David Ackerman-Gray to develop the story, and David Wessman to be the lead designer. Wessman had formerly been the gameplay and story lead for the highly acclaimed X-Wing series, and was eagerly welcomed to the team for his expertise in vehicular combat games. In addition, he brought a passion for research into the topic of small boat warfare and drew inspiration for the story and missions from histories of the American Civil War, the Opium Wars, World War II and the Vietnam War. As the game took shape, the team was able to consistently deliver on its milestones up to a week early, thus earning considerable respect from Microsoft. When the game entered QA at Microsoft it was observed that testers who were not assigned to work on it nevertheless would spend their free time playing it. This was noted as an extremely good sign, and Microsoft began to think they might have a sleeper hit on their hands. Stormfront was granted a small extension to their schedule for additional polish.Reception ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScore71/100Review scoresPublicationScore4/106.33/105/10B7.9/1075%GameZone8.5/108.4/107.4/1010/10The game received average reviews from critics according to.

In March 2017 staff named Blood Wake one of the original Xbox franchise they would like to see revived.The game was not literally an Xbox launch title, since its debut was part of a second wave of game releases thirty days after the first launch. It was highly anticipated following the excited press reaction at the 2000 E3. Microsoft backed Blood Wake with a television advertising campaign on release, and it reached sixth on the sales charts in November 2002 with over 340,000 units sold, and later that year was the #1 game on the NPD Xbox game rental rankings. With strong sales the game became one of the first in Microsoft's Platinum Series Hits and was re-released with new box cover art and a lower price. ^ Bedigian, Louis (January 28, 2002).

Archived from on November 12, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2019. ^ Chick, Tom (January 11, 2002). IGN Entertainment.

Archived from on February 8, 2005. Retrieved January 20, 2019. Robb Mills. ^. Marriott, Scott Alan. Archived from on November 14, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2019.

Edge staff (April 2002). 'Blood Wake'. No. 109. EGM staff (March 2002). 'Blood Wake'. P. 142.

Kato, Matthew (February 2002). Archived from on December 1, 2003. Retrieved January 20, 2019. Dan Elektro (January 9, 2002). Archived from on February 8, 2005.

Retrieved January 20, 2019. G-Wok (January 2002). From the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2019. Fielder, Joe (January 9, 2002). CBS Interactive.

Chau, Anthony (January 3, 2002). Ziff Davis. 'Blood Wake'. P. 72. Boyce, Ryan (December 20, 2001). Archived from on January 24, 2002. Retrieved January 20, 2019.

GamesRadar staff (March 31, 2017). Future plc. IGN staff (June 2, 2001). Ziff Davis.

Beyond3D Forum. January 15, 2003. February 11, 2003. Retrieved January 20, 2019.External links.

at.

Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα haima 'blood' and φαγεῖν phagein 'to eat'). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious proteins and lipids that can be taken without great effort, hematophagy is a preferred form of feeding for many small animals, such as worms and arthropods. Some intestinal nematodes, such as Ancylostomids, feed on blood extracted from the capillaries of the gut, and about 75 percent of all species of leeches (e.g., Hirudo medicinalis), a free-living worm, are hematophagous. Some fish, such as lampreys and candirus, and mammals, especially the vampire bats, and birds, such as the vampire finches, hood mockingbirds, the Tristan thrush, and oxpeckers also practise hematophagy.

Mechanism and evolution[edit]

These hematophagous animals have mouth parts and chemical agents for penetrating vascular structures in the skin of hosts, mostly of mammals, birds, and fish. This type of feeding is known as phlebotomy (from the Greek words, phleps 'vein' and tomos 'cutting').

Once phlebotomy is performed (in most insects by a specialized fine hollow 'needle,' the proboscis, which perforates skin and capillaries; in bats by sharp incisor teeth that act as a razor to cut the skin), blood is acquired either by sucking action directly from the veins or capillaries, from a pool of escaped blood, or by lapping (again, in bats). To overcome natural hemostasis (blood coagulation), vasoconstriction, inflammation, and pain sensation in the host, hematophagous animals have evolved hembiochemical solutions, in their saliva for instance, that they pre-inject—and anesthesia and capillary dilation have evolved in some hematophagous species. Scientists have developed anticoagulant medicines from studying substances in the saliva of several hematophagous species, such as leeches (hirudin).

Hematophagy is classified as either obligatory or facultative. Obligatory hematophagous animals cannot survive on any other food. Examples include Rhodnius prolixus, a South American assassin bug, and Cimex lectularius, the human bed bug. Facultative hematophages, meanwhile, acquire at least some portion of their nutrition from non-blood sources in at least one of the sexually mature forms. Examples of this include many mosquito species, such as Aedes aegypti, whose both males and females feed on pollen and fruit juice for survival, but the females require a blood meal to produce its eggs. Fly species such as Leptoconops torrens can also be facultative hematophages. In anautogenous species, the female can survive without blood, but must consume blood in order to produce eggs (obligatory hematophages are by definition also anautogenous).

As a feeding practice, hematophagy has evolved independently in a number of arthropod, annelid, nematode and mammalian taxa. For example, Diptera (insects with two wings, such as flies) have eleven families with hematophagous habits (more than half of the 19 hematophagous arthropod taxa). About 14,000 species of arthropods are hematophagous, even including some genera that were not previously thought to be, such as moths of the genus Calyptra. Hematophagy in insects, including mosquitoes, is thought to have arisen from phtyophagous or entomophagous origins.^[1][2][3][4] Several complementary biological adaptations for locating the hosts (usually in the dark, as most hematophagous species are nocturnal and silent to avoid detection) have also evolved, such as special physical or chemical detectors for sweat components, CO₂, heat, light, movement, etc.

Medical importance[edit]

The phlebotomic action opens a channel for contamination of the host species with bacteria, viruses and blood-borne parasites contained in the hematophagous organism. Thus, many animal and human infectious diseases are transmitted by hematophagous species, such as the bubonic plague, Chagas disease, dengue fever, eastern equine encephalitis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, Lyme disease, malaria, rabies, sleeping sickness, St. Louis encephalitis, tularemia, typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, West Nile fever, Zika fever, and many others.

Insects and arachnids of medical importance for being hematophagous, at least in some species, include the sandfly, blackfly, tsetse fly, bedbug, assassin bug, mosquito, tick, louse, mite, midge, and flea.

Hematophagous organisms have been used by physicians for beneficial purposes (hirudotherapy). Some doctors now use leeches to prevent the clotting of blood on some wounds following surgery or trauma.^{[citation needed]} The anticoagulants in the laboratory-raised leeches' saliva keeps fresh blood flowing to the site of an injury, actually preventing infection and increasing chances of full recovery. In a recent study a genetically engineered drug called desmoteplase based on the saliva of Desmodus rotundus (the vampire bat) was shown to improve recovery in stroke patients.^{[citation needed]}

Human hematophagy[edit]

Many human societies also drink blood or use it to manufacture foodstuffs and delicacies. Cow blood mixed with milk, for example, is a mainstay food of the African Maasai. Marco Polo reported that Mongols drank blood from their horses if necessary. Many places around the world eat blood sausage. Some societies, such as the Moche, had ritual hematophagy, as well as the Scythians, a nomadic people of Russia, who drank the blood of the first enemy they killed in battle. Psychiatric cases of patients performing hematophagy also exist. Sucking or licking one's own blood from a wound is also a common human behavior, and in small enough quantities is not considered taboo. Finally, human vampirism has been a persistent object of literary and cultural attention.

Win over spectators by destroying your feathered friends with an IRRESPONSIBLE NUMBER OF WEAPONS. One shot and you’re ROASTED. Live duck game score.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Lehane MJ (2005). The biology of blood-sucking in insects (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0511115539. OCLC61354292.
2. ^Mattingly PF (1965). Taylor AE (ed.). 'The evolution of parasite-arthropod vector systems'. Evolution of Parasites. Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology (3rd), London, November 6, 1964. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.: 29–45.
3. ^Peach DA, Gries R, Zhai H, Young N, Gries G (March 2019). 'Multimodal floral cues guide mosquitoes to tansy inflorescences'. Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 3908. Bibcode:2019NatSR..9.3908P. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39748-4. PMC6405845. PMID30846726.
4. ^Peach DA, Gries G (2019). 'Mosquito phytophagy – sources exploited, ecological function, and evolutionary transition to haematophagy'. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. n/a (n/a). doi:10.1111/eea.12852. ISSN1570-7458.

Further reading[edit]

• Scharfetter C, Hagenbuchner K (1967). 'Blutdurst als Symptom. Ein seltsamer Fall von Bluttrinken'. Psychiatr Neurol. Basel. 154 (5): 288–310. doi:10.1159/000126021.
• Ciprandi A, Horn F, Termignoni C (2003). 'Saliva of hematophagous animals: source of new anticoagulants'(PDF). Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter. 25 (4): 250–262.
• Markwardt F (October 2002). 'Hirudin as alternative anticoagulant--a historical review'. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 28 (5): 405–14. doi:10.1055/s-2002-35292. PMID12420235.
• Ribeiro JM (September 1995). 'Blood-feeding arthropods: live syringes or invertebrate pharmacologists?'. Infectious Agents and Disease. 4 (3): 143–52. PMID8548192.

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